Wrench



m. 6,1923. v wwm 'V. F. L. PALM. WRENCH. FILED JAN. I3. 1919, 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Patented Feb. ti, 1923:.

. i-r r that ii ti VICTOR F. L. PALM, F MASCQT, TEIl'NESSli ASSIGNOR 03E ONE-HALF TO HENRY C.

KABLSON, OF HASIBBOUCK HEIGHTS, NEFT JERSEY.

WRENCH.

Application filed January 13, 1919.

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, Vic'ron F. L. PALM, a citizen of Sweden, and aresident of Mascot, in the county of Knox and State of Tennes- 5 see, have invented certain new and useful.

Improvements in renches, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in adjustable wrenches, and embodies special features of construction that enable it to be used as a combined monkey and ratchet wrench.

One of the objects of the invention is to produce an improved device of the nature set forth capable oi being adjustably applied to nuts or bolt-heads of various sizes, or other articles of that class, in such a manner that they may be turned either continuously or intermittently at option, without removing;- tlie tool from the article in any case or shifting it from side to side therearound, as is done with wrenches of ordinary description.

Another object is the production of a device of the character described that will firmly seize a nut or its equivalent, either to tighten or loosen the same. when turned in one direction, but will. automatically slip byone corner of the nut when swung in the opposite direction, so as to enable it to take hoid on ditferent sides thereof to complete the tig liteninnor loosening, as the case may be, thus permitting the wrench to be used in quarters that are cramped and admit only of giving it a partial rotary movement at a time.

A further object is to provide a device of the species mentioned with means for lock ing the self-adjusting mechanism thereof so that the device can be used an ordinary monkey-wrench, in either direction.

A. still further object is the provision oi a device of the class referred to consisting of but a small number of elements, oi. simple and (tumble coi'istruction, readily assembled or disassembled either for repairs or for replacement of worn-out parts, and amenable to low cost oi production.

ither objects and aiilvantages of tie in- -vention will become apparent as the specilication proceeds.

With the aforesaid objects in view, the invention consists of the novel combinations Serial No. 270,865.

and arrangements of parts hereinafter described in their preferred embodiments, pointed out in the subjoined claims, and illustrated on the annexed drawings, wherein like parts are designated by the same reference characters thruout the several views.

In the drawings Figure I is a front edge view of a wrench embodying; one form of the invention;

Fig. 11 is a sectional side elevation of the same form;

Fig. HI is a side elevation similar to the preceding view except that certain parts are in changed position, and others broken away or omitted;

l? IV is a rear edge view of the same '11 of the improved wrench; sin. V is a transverse section on the line V V oi Fig. ill, looking downward, in the tion pointed out by the arrows;

Fi Fl is a plan view showing the underside of a structural detail included in the F T" said 111g. H;

i? VII is a partial front elevation of 1 the structure shown in the view next foll0wncation, looking; from the left-hand side Oi J. 151. Judi;

Fl,' X1 is a side elevation of the upper half of anothr wrench ot modified form,

certain parts thereof appearing in section, and others being omitted; and

Fig. Kit is a similar elemtion oi the latter-named form, with parts thereof in a changed position.

The various forms of the invention diszed herein a l include a fired jaw l, which may be at the head of the wrench as shown, and a plurality of guide members 2 and 3, ero endine' therefrom to the opposite cxtrenjiitv ol the implement. These members are suliiciently spaced apart to receive between them a pair of slidable e einents 4.- and 5, prov ded with torwardly-projected wings 7 constituting therewith a sliding car- External flanges 8 and 9, on the side nut lt is placed intern'icdiate ol the wings 6 and 7, and this nut has a rear extension 15, which is received between the paired elements i and 5, the latter being suitably spaced apart by means of shouldered studs 17. The nut 1st and its extension 15 are rigidly secured by rivets 18, to the elements l, 5, and wings 6, 7, respectively. A translatingscrew 19, with a knurled head 20, engages the non-rotatable nut so as to impart to it a reciprocating movement alongside and in front of the guides 2 and 3, between which located a keeper 22. having a forwardly-extending bottom ledge 23, adapted to take the thrust il'roiu the said screw. An upper ledge 34:, slightly projecting also from the l'ront ol the keeper. serves to retain the head therem'l. The keeper is seem-ml, as bv rivets ill, to the parallel guides 2 and 3.

Below the keeper aforesaid is the wrench handle, which as indicated in Figs. I to IV may include a hand-piece 29, made or wood or other suitable material, and inserted between the lower ends of the side guides 2 and 3. Rivets 30 aflford a simple and reliable means of fastening the l'iand-picco to the guides.

Directly under the liX-ed jaw 1, and co acting); therewith, is a movable aw 33. The latter-named jaw has curtain walls 34 and 35. projecting rearwa 'dly from the opposite sides thereot, and a centrally disposed rib 36. The curtain walls are received between the wines (3 and 7. while the rib is lodged intermediatelv ol' the slidable elements 4- and 5, and desi ed to tilt to H161. 'tli w; downwa llv outward w 2 d A the outer end of in K r arwardly ovcrhun nose portion or ho Z and in the nude nde of the rib is 'lorn'ied a For ss F8. from which depends an. anchoring hip; 2 59. Guiddpins i0 and 41 are further provided on the said ril), the same projecting sidcwise therefrom and being adapted to slide through longitudinal slots id, in the slidable. elements t and 5. These slots have oilset portions or obliquely extending notches 45 and 416, at the rear side of each, in which the said pins ll) and 41 operate.

An angular pin 47, preferably square in cross-section, is set transversely of the slidable elements fl; and 5, and serves as an anchorage or the lower end of a vertically dis posed leat-sprin; 4,8, the upper end of which is attached to an car 49. depending from the rib 36, of the movable jaw, previously n1en tionc l. of a flat cloclnspiriiip and when properly arranged will actto hold the ear 49 rearwardly. This spring, however, is not considered as an indispensable feature oI the invention, which may work satisfactorily without its use.

Coacting ledges 50 and 51 are formed, respectively, at the under side of the said movable jaw 33, in the rear portion thereof, and upon the shoulders 10. 11, intermediate of the elements 4, 5, and wings 6, 7. These ledges constitute a sliding fulcrum for the movable jaw, permitting it to tilt clownwardly between the said wings under the fixed jaw. Normally, however, the movable jaw is urged upward by a helical coil-spring 52, anchored at its lower end to apin 53,upon the nut l t, and connected at its upper end to the lug 39, within the recess 38, before mentioned as formed in the under side of the rib 36.

Ears 5G, projecting forwardly from the wing portions 6 and 7 of the slide elements 4 and 5, provide a support for a transversely disposed pin 57, to which is hinged a small door or flap designed to shield the helical springal oresaid, by covering the gap between. the said wine portions where this s n-inn is located. The flap 58 attached at its lower end to the hinge-pin, and at the upper end laps over an apron 59, extending do vnwardly from the movable jaw 33. A flat spring; 60, the opposite extremities of which are respectively secured to the upper tz' aoe Oil the nut 14-aud to a rivet or pin 61 in the center oil the flap, operates to draw in the latter against the apron and thus to keep it tightly closed.

A slide 6% is arranged so as to take under the hook or nose portion 37 of the rib 36, and by engaging; the said hook or nose portion SPXVOS to lock the jaw against tilting Ii' i\'GIHGi'1lf. whe this is not wanted. The said ide has inwardly turned sides 65 and 66, on over the oppos te of the flanges and of the elements t and 5, as shown rlearly in Fig, V. The flanges 8 and 9. i l: will be observed, are suitably bevelled at the edges for this purpose. An outwardly-extcnifling lip 67, on the slide 643;, a li'ords a hold For the operators fingers in manipulating it, and a slit 68, made longitudinally ot the slide, imparts the necessary resilience to its said sides 65 and 66, with relation to the flanges engaged thereby. Stop lugs 69 are further provided at the rear of the said flanges 8 and 9, to limit the downward travel of the slide 64-, when disengaged and pulled away from the said hook or nose The spring 48 may be in the nature portion. It will be noted that a pair oil these stops is provided so as to insure per- :tect working of the slide, though it is conceivable that asingle stop would be sutticient to gain the end in view.

When the jaws l and 32-3 of the wrench are adjusted to grasp the object to be turned, -tor instance a nut of given size, as A in Fig. II, and the slide (it is disengaged from the said hook 237, any strain exerted upon the nut at the point indicated by the arrow B, incidentally to tightening the same, causes the before described ledges 50 and 51, of the movable jaw and adjacent wing portions of the slidable elements, to come into orkeep in close contact with one an other, and the upper guide-pins all to slide into or remain in the outermost extremities of the notches 45 of the slots ll. This occurs every timethat force is applied to operate the wrench by moving the handle :29

thereof in the direction pointed out by the arrow 0. On the other hand, when the hen dle 29 is pushed back in the reverse direction, as represented by the arrow D in Fig.

111, the pressure upon the movable jaw 33 causes it to yield and slip by the lower inner corner of the nut, which then assumes the position denoted by A relatively to the wrench in the'latter-named figure. At that time, the ledges 5t) of the nuwable jaw 33 slide oil the CO-ZtClllDQ' lerhges M of the wings (3 and T, and the helical coil-s ine 52 is depressed, as illustrated. In the meantime also the pins it) move into the angles termed at the junction oi? each slot- -l-l with its oil'- set or side notch 4L5, while the spring l8 tends to push back the ear 4:9 of the rib 36, so that the pins d1 will ride on the lower edges of the lower notches or offsets 16 of the said slots ea. As soon as the momentarily parted jaws of the wrench have passed the opposite corners of the nut, as appearing at A Fig. III, the movable jaw 33 springs upward again to its former posi tion, and the combined fired and movable jaws embrace new sides of the nut, with the same conditions prevailing as shown in Fig. II. But. if the slide (Si is allowed to remain in engagement with the hook 117. the jaw 32 locked from movement in either direction and the implement can then be used as an ordinary monkey-wrench.

Figs. VII, Vlll, and 1X represent a. modification oi? the inventimi involving; a. few changes in the construction hereinhetore described. Thus. for exain iile, the wii'igs 6 and T may be formed with front or outside shoulders ll)", which may be itl'- ranged to meet along a central line. as indicated in Fig. This would strengthen theiinplement .insverscly, and further provide asullicient closure over the space where the spring is situated. A straight, fiat-spring L8 can also be employed, in lieu of the clock spring previously mentioned, Jor holding up the rear end oi? the rib 3(5 oi the movable jaw 53 L sin-inn like 413* may be anchored one end in the rear c c-- tension 15 ot' the non-rotatable nut i l. and at its other end may engage a keeper, as if), extending rearwardly from the rib 36. The upper end of the spring;- lU, it will be understood, would slide thro ah the keeper during displacement oil? the movable jaw. A further alteration in the structure ma) consist in providing ledges both rearward and forward. as at 50 and 51, for the movable jaw, the same (to-acting with similar ledges 50" and 51 on the wings (3 and 7. The movable jaw in this modification does not oscillate, but moves 't'orwardly and downwardly, clearly indicatei'l. by the changes of position outlined in Figs. Vllli and IX.

Further changes of construction are illus trated in X, XI and Eli, which give another modified exeinpliliciu ion of the invention. As shown in the views last named. the rib 36 of the movable jaw 33 may be equipped with a single set at guide-pins 410, one projecting from each side of the rib. These pins are arrar td 0 move in single slots 45". dispr tedv obliquely in opposite por tions of the slidable elements 14. and Riga-in, the coal-ting; ledges may be termed as at 50 and 51, on the unde side ot the movable aw $523, at the inner corner thereof, and upon the shoulders it) and 1.1 of the wines i3 and '7. respectively. Farther down in front, av tie 60 may we utilized for attaching the door or flap 58 to the helical spring The tie, it will be perceived. furnishes a simple and effective means oi holdingthe flap up to the apron llecesses 72 and 73 are provided in addition inside the sl'ioulders in. ii, and the said ledges 50, and within these recesses are seated the heads oi? a link Tl. controlling the oscillation of the uiovaljile aw 33. A clear ance opening 7'5 is made in the rib 36 to insure for this link all necessary freedom of movement.

lVhile certain preferred embodiments of this device have been shown and described. it will be understood that changes in the form. arrangements, propm'lious. sizes and details thereol may be made, without departing from the scope oi? the inwution as defined by the appended. claims.

.lliaving described my invention what 1: desire to secure by Letters Patent and claim, is:

l. .i. wrench ol' the type specified including a relatively tixedjaw, guidig' means comprising spaured elements extendi. therefrom, a carrier translatable illtlll said means, a movable jaw having a ."hil'tahl fulcrum upon said carrier enabling it to be tilted downwardly under said lined jaw, a

member on said movable jaw extending rearwardly between and beyond the inner edges of the guiding means, and a pin and slot connection coupling said member to the carrier at a distance from the inner edges of the said guiding means.

2. A. wrench of the type specified including guides, a fixed jaw thereon, a carrier translatable on said guides, a movable jaw having a shiftable fulcrum upon said carrier enabling it to be tilted downwardly under said fixed jaw, an arm extending rearwardly from said movable jaw beyond the inner edges of the guides, means located between the inner and outer edges of the said guides affording a loose connection between said arm and the carrier, and a spring intermediate of the arm and the movable jaw tending to restore the latter to normal position.

3. A wrench of the type specified including a guide, a jaw fixed thereon, a carrier slidable on said guide, a movable jaw mounted at the upper part of said carrier in position to tilt downwardly under said fixed jaw, a spring located intermediate the lower part of the carrier and said movable jaw tending to restore the latter to normal position, and a closure extending over the space between the movable jaw and the lowerpart of the carrier, said closure being flexibly connected to the carrier so as to partake of the movements of the latter named jaw while serving to shield said spring.

t. A wrench of the type specified including a guide, a jaw fixed thereon, a carrier translatable with relation to said jaw along said guide, said carrier extending forwardly of the guide and having its upper surface inclined downwardly therefrom under the fixed jaw, and a movable jaw arranged. to be tilted upon the carrier approximately to the plane of said surface so as to clear the corners of an article held between the said jaws during reverse movement.

5. A wrench of the type specified including a pair of guides, a fixed jaw thereon, a carrier translatable along said guides toward and away from. said jaw, a movable jaw havin an extension flexibly connected to said carrier between. the guides, and a shiftable fulcrum between said movable jaw and its said extension enabling the former to be tilted downwardly under the first named jaw.

6. A. wrench of the type specified including a guide, a carrier translatable along the same, a tiltable jaw on said carrier, a rearward extension on said. jaw, a loose connection between the carrier and said extension enabling the jaw to tilt automatically during the backward stroke of said guide, and means on the carrier capable of looking or unlocking the jaw through engagement with the extension, whereby the wrench may be adapted for use either continuously or intermittently at option.

7. A wrench of the type specified including a guide, a carrier slidable thereon, a nut translatable with said carrier, an out wardly tiltable jaw having a sliding fulcrum on the latter, flexible means connecting said jaw to the carrier in a plane above said nut, and resilient means arranged to bear upon the jaw both forwardly and rearwardly of its fulcrum so as normally to maintain the jaw in its operative positions.

8. A wrench of the type specified including guiding means, a. jaw fixed at one end thereof, a carrier formed with a ledge and translatable on said means, a tiltable jaw having a rear extension and slidably fulcrumed on said ledge, a spring urging said tiltable jaw to its seat on the ledge, and flexible means consisting of a pin and slot connection holding said extension to the rear part of said carrier in such a manner as to permit the latter named jaw to slide off its fulcrum and incline outwardly when the wrench is moved in one direction and to be subsequently returned to its seat by the action of said spring while the wrench moves oppositely.

9. A wrench of the type specified including a. guide, a relatively fixed jaw thereon, a carrier provided with a ledge and translatable on said guide, said carrier having a slot in its rear portion, a tiltable jaw formed with an extension projecting rearwardly beside the carrier, said tiltable jaw being slidably fulcrumed on said ledge, a projection engaging said slot from said extension, and a spring servingto press the latter named jaw against its seat on the ledge, the arrangement being such that when the wrench is moved in one direction the tiltable jaw slides off its fulcrum while said projection advances in its slot, but during reverse movement of the wrench the tiltable aw resumes its seat and the projection is restored to its original position.

10. A wrench of the type specified including a guiding means, a fixed jaw at one end thereof, a carrier formed with a forward downwardly inclined ledge and translatable on said means, said carrier being provided in its rear portion with slot ha ing laterally offset notch, a tiltab-le jaw with a rear extension beside the carrier, a pin on said exten sion adapted alternately to engage said notch and said slot, said tiltable jaw having a bevelled part slidably fulcrumed on said ledge, and a spring urging said part to its seat, the above mentioned elements being so constructed and arranged that when a downward strain is exerted upon the latter named jaw it is resisted by a binding action occurring between the bevelled part, the seat therefor, and said pin lodged in the notch, but if an outward pressure he applied substantially in the direction of the seats surface it will cause the bevelled part to slide off its fulcrum on the ledge and the pin to move into the slot, thereby permitting the jaw to become tilted.

11. A wrench of the type specified including a guide, a fixed jaw at one end thereof, a carrier composed of twoparts translatable on said guide, each of said parts having an inclined ledge, a tiltable jaw provided with bevelled portions slidably fulcrumed upon the ledges of said carrier, a rearwardly extending rib on said tiltable jaw, a pin and slot connection between the carrier and said rib permitting tilting of the latter named jaw, a spring functioned to urge said bevelled ortions against their seats on said ledges, and a slide mounted on the rear edges of the carrier in position to lock the corresponding end of the rib so as to hold the tiltable jaw immovable.

12. A wrench of the type specified including parallel guides, a handle at one end of the latter, a jaw fixed to the other extremity of the same, a carrier independent-of said handle and said jaw translatable between the last named parts along said guides, said carrier being composed of elements engaging the guides at their inner sides, a movable jaw tiltable downwardly under the fixed jaw from the carrier, a member of narrower width than said movable jaw extending rearwardly therefrom in interposed relation to the said elements, and a connection loosely coupling said member to the elements of the carrier intermediate the front and rear edges of the guides.

VICTOR F. L. PALM. 

